Against the backdrop of accelerating global energy transition and industrial transformation, critical raw materials, as the material foundation underpinning new energy systems and strategic emerging industries, have become a major issue of international concern regarding their sustainable development and global governance. Kazakhstan, endowed with abundant mineral resources, holds unique regional demonstration value in exploring synergistic pathways for green development of critical raw materials and re-industrialization. A systematic review of the core findings of Kazakhstan's sustainable development research project and an in-depth analysis of the inherent logic and implementation pathways of critical raw materials, green transition, and re-industrialization are of important practical significance for broadening regional energy governance perspectives and promoting knowledge sharing and capacity building in the field of global sustainable development.